Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, usually in your legs. Deep vein thrombosis can cause leg pain or swelling, but may occur without any symptoms.
Deep vein thrombosis can develop if you have certain medical conditions that affect how your blood clots. Deep vein thrombosis can also happen if you don't move for a long time, such as after surgery, following an accident, or when you are confined to a hospital or nursing home bed.
Deep vein thrombosis is a serious condition because blood clots in your veins can break loose, travel through your bloodstream and lodge in your lungs, blocking blood flow (pulmonary embolism).
SYMPTOMS of DVT include:
- Pain
- Swelling
- Warmth
- Tenderness, and
- Redness of the leg or arm.
The DIAGNOSIS of DVT
Can be suggested by blood tests and confirmed by ultrasound or other imaging tests.
TREATMENT of DVT
Typically involves blood thinning medications (anticoagulants) unless they cannot be used in a patient (contraindicated). In that situation, an inferior vena cava filter is potentially considered.
Post-thrombic Syndrome (PTS) can affect 23-60% of patients in the two years following DVT of the leg. Of those, 10% may go on to develop severe PTS, involving venous ulcers.WAYS to PREVENT DVT:
- Lose Weight: Excess weight puts pressure on the legs and predisposes you to the risk
- Flex the knees if you have been sitting for too long.
- Get up and get moving as soon as possible right after surgery or illness, as movement can help to prevent clots from forming by stimulating blood circulation.
- Use of a pneumatic compression device, which looks like a special fitted sleeve, placed on the legs to keep blood moving during some types of surgery.
- Elastic stockings to reduce swelling and promote circulation.
- Use of Anti-coagulants may be given to certain surgical treatments after the risk of surgical bleeding may have subsided.
TREATMENT may INCLUDE:
Medications
Various types of medications may be used in the treatment of DVT. Although anticoagulants (blood thinners) do not destroy the clots, they may keep the clot from growing and other clots from forming. Treatment with blood thinners may last from three to six months. If a blood clot develops after surgery, treatment may be shorter. If there have been previous clots or treatment for another illness is ongoing, the treatment may last as long as risk factors are present.
The most common side effect of blood-thinning medication is bleeding. Bruising or bleeding should be reported to the physician right away.
Another type of medication called fibrinolytics or thrombolytics ("clot busters") can dissolve a clot quickly, over a period of a few days. Fibrinolytics are used in certain situations as determined by a physician.
Thrombin inhibitors are medications that can disrupt the formation of a clot. Patients who cannot take heparin may be given one of these medications.
Vena Cava Filter
In some cases, a vena cava filter may be inserted into the vena cava (the large vein which returns blood from the body to the heart) of patients who cannot take medication or if blood thinners are not working. The filter is a kind of "clot catcher."
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